Persistent Toxic Substances Targeted under the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy

Level One Substances

Programs/Policies/Initiatives

Benzo(a)pyrene

COA 1 Tier One Substance – Virtual Elimination – 90% reduction by the year 2000 Canadian Environmental Protection Act Toxic – Schedule 1 (PSL 1) Strategic Options Processes Sector Approach – Steel Sector and Wood Preservation (in progress) UNECE POPs Protocol PAH levels to be reduced from 1990 values BAT applied to new stationary sources in designated major source sectors BAT or alternative strategies applied to existing stationary sources in designated major source sectors when technically and economically feasible. measures to control emissions from mobile sources Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Guidelines Operating Emissions Guidelines for Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (1989) CSA Standard for Wood burning Appliances Approved stoves reduce PAH emissions; CSA standard applied as regulation in B.C., guideline in New Brunswick ARET List A1:1, 2 Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 10 6.2

Level One Substances

Programs/Policies/Initiatives

Dioxins and Furans

COA1 Tier One Substance – Virtual Elimination – 90% reduction by the year 2000 TSMP1 Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination CEPA Toxic – Schedule 1 (PSL 1) Addressed under Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans Regulations (1992) Strategic Options Processes Substance Approach – Addressed through existing regulations (Pulp and Paper Regulations) and other initiatives (Canada Wide Standards) Sector Approach – Base Metal Smelting, Steel Manufacturing and Wood Preservation (in progress) UNEP POPs Agreement dioxins/furans identified for control specific control obligations yet to be determined UNECE POPs Protocol Reduction from 1990 emission levels BAT applied to new stationary sources in designated source sectors Emission limit values established for incinerators. BAT applied to existing stationary sources in designated source sectors where it is technically and economically feasible. North American Regional Action Plan NARAP to be developed for dioxins/furans Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Guidelines Operating Emissions Guidelines for Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (1989) developing standards for diesel vehicles Canada Wide Standards being developed under the standards sub-agreement of the harmonization accord Federal-Provincial Task Force on Dioxins/Furans has inventoried major sources of release in Canada Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams ARET List A1:1, 2 Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions 2,3,7,8-PCDD Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 1.5 x 10-4 5.2 x 10-7 2,3,7,8-PCCF Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 9.0 x 10-4 6.6 x 10-6

Level One Substances

Programs/Policies/Initiatives

Hexachlorobenzene

COA1 Tier One Substance – Virtual Elimination – 90% reduction by the year 2000 TSMP Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination Pest Control Products Act the use of HCB as a pesticide has been discontinued in Canada CEPA Toxic – Toxic Schedule 1 (PSL 1) Strategic Options Processes Substance Approach – Hexachlorobenzene (in progress) Sector Approach – Wood Preservation (in progress) UNEP POPs Agreement one of the initial 12 substances identified for control specific control obligations yet to be determined UNECE POPs Protocol manufacture and use prohibited (manufactured product) reduction from 1990 emission levels (emissions) BAT applied to new stationary sources in designated source sectors (emissions) BAT applied to existing stationary sources where it is economically and technically feasible to do so North American Regional Action Plan NARAP to be developed for hexachlorobenzene Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams PIC covered in the list of pesticides ARET List A1:1, 2 Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions: Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 2.1 x 10 -3 8.7 x 10 -7

Level One Substances

Programs/Policies/Initiatives

Mercury

COA1 Tier One Substance – Virtual Elimination – 90% reduction by the year 2000 CEPA Toxic – Schedule 1 (PSL 1) Chlor-Alkali Release Regulations Strategic Options Processes Sector Approach – Electric Power Generation, Base Metal Smelting and Steel Manufacturing UNECE Heavy Metals Protocol Emissions to be reduced from 1990 levels BAT to be applied to new stationary sources in designated source sectors 50% reduction from existing sources (1990 levels) by 8 years after the coming into effect of the protocol maximum allowable mercury content specified for alkaline manganese batteries North American Regional Action Plan Phase I (approved) – October of 1997 provides a mechanism for capacity building and information exchange between the three parties. Phase II (draft) – anticipates more specific targets and time frames for mercury reductions through controls on emissions, products and wastes. Further research and mercury retirement options will also be undertaken Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Guidelines Cement Kilns Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams PIC covered in the list of industrial chemicals Voluntary Product Specific Control Initiatives includes batteries, fluorescent lamps, hospital products and paints ARET List B2:1, 2 Targets: reduction to levels insufficient to cause harm 50% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions : Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 29 3.0

Level One Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
Octachlorostyrene	COA1 Tier One Substance – Virtual Elimination – 90% reduction by the year 2000 Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams ARET List A1:1, 2 Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions: Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 7.0 x 10-4 0

Level One Substances

Programs/Policies/Initiatives

PCBs

COA1 GOALS decomission 90% and destroy 50% of high level PCBs by 2000 accelerate destruction of stored low-level PCBs TSMP1 Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination CEPA Toxic – Schedule 1 (PSL 1) Chlorobiphenyl Regulations (1977) – prohibits manufacture, sale, import; restricts allowable PCB uses; sets regulatory concentration limit; specifies maximum concentrations and amounts of PCBs that can be released to the environment Import and Export of Hazardous Waste Regulations PCB Storage Regulations (1990) Strategic Options Processes Sector Approach – Steel Manufacturing UNEP POPs Agreement one of the initial 12 substances selected for control specific control options yet to be determined UNECE POPs Protocol production prohibited use prohibited except for electrical equipment in use at the time of the coming into effect of the protocol determined efforts to eliminate PCBs in equipment by 2010 and destruction/decontamination of PCB wastes by 2010 North American Regional Action Plan Phase I (approved) – December of 1996 provides a mechanism for capacity building and information exchange between the three parties. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Guidelines Several guidelines for PCBs – Guidelines for Mobile Polychlorinated Biphenyl Treatment Systems (1990) – Guidelines for Mobile Polychlorinated Biphenyl Destruction Systems (1990) – Guidelines for the Management of Wastes Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) (1989) PCB Owner Outreach Program targeted at those owners of small quantities of PCBs facilitate the efficient and cost-effective decommissioning and destruction of PCBs Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams PIC covered in the list of industrial chemicals ARET List A1:1, 2 virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions: Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 3.8 x 10-5 0

Level One Substances

Programs/Policies/Initiatives

Aldrin/Dieldrin

COA1 confirmed in 1996 that no current commercial application or distribution occurring TSMP1 Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination UNEP POPs Agreement one of the initial 12 substances indicated for control specific control options yet to be determined UNECE POPs Protocol production and use prohibited Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams PIC covered in list of pesticides Pest Control Products Act all product registrations discontinued in 1990



Level One Substances

Programs/Policies/Initiatives

Chlordane

COA1 confirmed in 1996 that no current commercial application or distribution occurring TSMP1 Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination UNEP POPs Agreement one of the initial 12 substances selected for control specific control obligations yet to be determined UNECE POPs Protocol production and use prohibited North American Regional Action Plan provides a mechanism for capacity building and information exchange between the three parties Canada and the United States provide risk assessments to Mexico for likely chemical and biological alternatives to chlordane Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams PIC covered in the list of pesticides Pest Control Products Act product registrations discontinued in 1990



Level One Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
DDT	COA1 confirmed in 1996 that no current commercial application or distribution occurring TSMP1 Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination UNEP POPs Agreement one of the initial 12 substances indicated for control specific control obligations yet to be determined UNECE POPs Protocol production and use only permitted for protection from diseases such as malaria and encephalitis North American Regional Action Plan provides a mechanism of information exchange between the three parties assessing alternative pesticides as means of malarial control continued support for DDT-inclusive hazardous waste collection programs at the federal, provincial or municipal level as appropriate Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams PIC covered in their list of pesticides Pest Control Products Act all product registrations discontinued in 1985
Toxaphene	COA1 confirmed in 1996 that no current commercial application or distribution occurring TSMP1 Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination UNEP POPs Agreement one of the initial 12 substances indicated for control specific control options yet to be determined UNECE POPs Protocol production and use prohibited Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams PIC covered in the list of pesticides Pest Control Products Act has not been registered since 1982



Level One Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
Mirex	COA1 confirmed in 1996 that no current commercial application or distribution occurring TSMP1 Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination CEPA Prohibited manufacture, use, processing, offering for sale or import of dodecachloropentacyclodecane (Mirex) Pest Control Products Act Never registered as a pesticide in Canada Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams



Level Two Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
1,4-dichlorobenzene	COA1 Tier 2 Substance – support voluntary programs to reduce use, release and generation – establish timelines and targets for achieving virtual elimination Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams ARET List A2:1, 2 Targets: reduction to levels insufficient to cause harm 50% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions: Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 28 8.3
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine	COA1 Tier 2 Substance – support voluntary programs to reduce use, release and generation – establish timelines and targets for achieving virtual elimination CEPA assessed as being toxic under PSL 1 Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams ARET List B1: 1, 2 Targets: reduction to levels insufficient to cause harm 50% reduction by 2000 No facilities reporting in 1997



Level Two Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)	COA1 Tier 2 Substance – support voluntary programs to reduce use, release and generation – establish timelines and targets for achieving virtual elimination Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams ARET List A1: 1, 2 Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 no reported emissions in 1997



Level Two Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
Cadmium	COA1 Tier 2 Substance – support voluntary programs to reduce use, release and generation – establish timelines and targets for achieving virtual elimination Strategic Options Processes Sector Approach– Electric Power Generation, Base Metal Smelting, Metal Finishing and Steel Manufacturing UNECE Heavy Metals Protocols BAT applied to all new major stationary sources in designated source sectors 50% reduction in 1990 levels by 8 years after the coming into effect of the protocol Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Guidelines Cement Kilns Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams ARET List A2: 1, 2 Targets: reduction to levels insufficient to cause harm 50% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 126 47
Dinitropyrene	COA1 Tier 2 Substance – support voluntary programs to reduce use, release and generation – establish timelines and targets for achieving virtual elimination ARET List A1: 1, 2 Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 no reported emissions in 1997



Level Two Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
Endrin	COA1 Not identified as a Tier 1 or 2 substance TSMP1 Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination UNEP POPs Agreement one of the initial 12 substances indicated for control specific control obligations yet to be determined UNECE POPs Protocol production and use prohibited Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams Pest Control Products Act Registration discontinued in 1990 ARET 1, 2 Not listed as an ARET substance
Heptachlor	COA1 Not identified as a Tier 1 or 2 substance TSMP1 Track 1 substance – Virtual Elimination UNEP POPs Agreement one of the initial 12 substances indicated for control specific control obligations yet to be determined UNECE POPs Protocol production and use prohibited Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams Pest Control Products Act Registration discontinued in 1985 PIC covered in the list of pesticides ARET 1, 2 Not listed as an ARET substance



Level Two Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
Hexachlorobutadiene	COA1 Not identified as a Tier 1 or 2 substance CEPA being assessed under PSL II ARET1, 2 Not listed as an ARET substance
Hexachlorocyclohexane ( -HCH =Lindane)	COA1 Tier 2 Substance – support voluntary programs to reduce use, release and generation – establish timelines and targets for achieving virtual elimination UNECE POPs Protocol production and use of technical HCH (mixed) prohibited except as an intermediate in chemical manufacturing gamma-isomer (lindane) subject to restricted use (e.g. seed treament, public health and veterinary topical insecticide) all restricted uses of lindane to be reassessed two years after the coming into force of the protocol Pest Control Products Act technical grade HCH is not a registered pesticide lindane (HCH) is registered for some limited uses in Canada (e.g. seed treatment) Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams PIC covered in the list of pesticides ARET List A1:1, 2 hexachlorocyclohexane Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 no reported industrial emissions in 1997



Level Two Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
PAHs	COA1 Tier 2 Substances – support voluntary programs to reduce use, release and generation – establish timelines and targets for achieving virtual elimination Canadian Environmental Protection Act Toxic – Schedule 1 (PSL 1) Strategic Options Processes Sector Approach– Steel Manufacturing and Wood Preservation (yet to be completed) UNECE POPs Protocol PAH levels reduced from 1990 values BAT applied to new stationary sources in designated major source sectors BAT or alternative strategies applied to existing stationary sources in designated major source sectors when technically and economically feasible. measure to control emissions from mobile sources Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Guidelines requested study of PAH emissions and controls from diesel vehicles Operating Emissions Guidelines for Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (1989) CSA Standard for Wood burning Appliances Approved stoves reduce PAH emissions; CSA standard applied as regulation in B.C., guideline in New Brunswick ARET List A1: 17 PAHs Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions: Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 903 424 ARET List B1 and B2: 6 PAHs Targets: reduction to levels insufficient to cause harm 50% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions: Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 1.6 0.45
Pentachlorobenzene	COA1 Not identified as a Tier 1 or 2 substance ARET1, 2 Not listed as an ARET substance



Level Two Substances	Programs/Policies/Initiatives
Pentachlorophenol	COA1 Tier 2 Substance – support voluntary programs to reduce use, release and generation – establish timelines and targets for achieving virtual elimination Pest Control Products Act registered for use only as a heavy-duty wood preservative Environment Canada Guidelines recommend design and operation of wood treatment facilities to reduce emissions of PCP into the environment. Basel Convention covered under one of the waste streams ARET List A1:1, 2 Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 Estimated Emissions: Base Year 1997 (tonnes) (tonnes) 0.54 3.9 x 10-3
Tetrachlorobenzenes	COA1 Not identified as a Tier 1 or 2 substance ARET1, 2 Not listed as an ARET substance
Tributyl tin	COA1 Tier 2 Substance – support voluntary programs to reduce use, release and generation – establish timelines and targets for achieving virtual elimination Pest Control Products Act registered for use as a slimicide, wood preservative, material preservative and antifouling paint. Tributyl tin methacrylate has a tempory registration for use as an antifouling paint. ARET List A1:1, 2 Targets: virtual elimination 90% reduction by 2000 no reported non-pesticide releases

Notes:

¹ ARET and COA reduction objectives include both air emissions and water releases.
² ARET is a voluntary program. Not all companies/facilities report. Base year is selected by the reporting company, and may be 1988, 1989 or 1990.