| Thunder Bay
| In 1998, approximately 13,000 m3 of creosote-based contaminated
sediment began being removed from the Northern Wood Preservers,
Inc. (NWP) site. Contaminated sediment will be dredged, treated, and
reused on NWP property. Total project cost is $9.3 million
(Canadian), with $3.3 million paid by Environment Canada, $1
million paid by Ministry of Environment, and the remainder paid by
Abitibi Consolidation, NWP, and Canadian National Railway Co.
| St. Louis River/Bay
| From August-November 1997, Murphy Oil removed approximately
1,800 m3 of contaminated sediment from the Newton Creek
impoundment and 92 m3 from Newton Creek immediately
downstream of the impoundment. Dredged material was solidified
with cement and placed in an on-site disposal area, which was then
capped. Estimated cost was $250,000.
| Manistique River
| In 1998, approximately 23,700 m3 of PCB contaminated sediment
were removed from the harbor.
In 1997, approximately 19,100 m3 of contaminated sediment were
removed from the river and the harbor.
In 1995-1996, about 13,000 m3 of contaminated sediment near the
North Bay were removed. In all three projects, sediment was disposed
of in a nearby landfill. The total cost for all three projects to date is
$25 million.
| Lower Menominee River
| In 1998, U.S. EPA issued a Consent Order requiring remediation of
arsenic contamination in the Lower Menominee River. The Consent
Order requires Ansul to remove about 7,700 m3 of arsenic
contaminated sediment from the Eighth Street Slip by the end of 1999.
Estimated cost is about $1.3 million.
In 1993-1994, approximately 11,500 m3 of bulk paint sludge were
removed by mechanical dredging and transported to a nearby
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal facility. This was an emergency
removal through administrative orders by the Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality (MDEQ). Approximate cost was $50,000.
|
Milwaukee Estuary
| In 1994, approximately 5,900 m3 of PCB contaminated sediment
were removed from behind Ruck Pond Dam. Over 95% of the mass
of PCBs was removed from the system as a result of this project. The
total project cost was $7.5 million.
In 1991, approximately 570,000 m3 of contaminated sediment with
varying levels were isolated from the Milwaukee River by the removal
of the North Avenue Dam and stabilization of the sediment exposed in
the new floodplain with wetland vegetation. The cost involved with
the isolation of the contaminated sediment was approximately
$1,348,000.
| Waukegan Harbor
| As a result of a 1989 Consent Decree, Outboard Marine Corporation
provided $20 million for remediation of PCB contaminated sediment.
No soils or sediment above 50 mg/kg PCBs remain onsite, except
those within containment cells. Approximately 30,000 m3 of
contaminated sediment were dredged in 1992 and placed in two
separate containment cells.
| Grand Calumet River
| In 1998, the USX Steel Corporation agreed to pay a total of $55
million in a settlement contained in two consent agreements. USX
will pay approximately $30 million to remove and dispose of
approximately 535,600 m3 of contaminated sediment from 8.05 km of
the lower Grand Calumet River over the next 5 years. USX will also
undertake capital improvements estimated at $22 million including
wetlands restoration next to the river, construction of a disposal
facility for contaminated sediment, and improvement of the Gary
facility.
From 1994 to 1996, LTV Steel dredged approximately 89,000 m3 of
contaminated sediment from a slip adjacent to Indiana Harbor. The
total project cost was an estimated $14 million.
| Kalamazoo River
| PAH, mercury, and lead contaminated sediment in Davis Creek was
removed from January-April 1999. An estimated 3,100 m3 of
sediment were removed from Davis Creek, and an additional 600 m3
of hazardous waste from the skimmer pond that outfalls into Davis
Creek were also removed. Dredged material was taken off-site for
disposal in a landfill. Cost was estimated at $900,000.
In 1998, U.S. EPA ordered the cleanup of the Bryant Mill Pond area
of Portage Creek, which is part of the Allied Paper, Inc./Portage
Creek/Kalamazoo River Superfund Site. The pond area is no longer
under water, but is an exposed floodplain contaminated with PCBs.
The cleanup will consist of removal of approximately 68,900 m3 of
PCB contaminants from the creekbed and floodplain areas.
Contaminated residuals, sediment, and soil removed will be placed in
Bryant lagoon and appropriately covered until a final remedy for on-site containment units is selected by MDEQ. Removal should be
completed by the end of 1999. The Potential Responsible Parties are
paying U.S. EPA to conduct the removal under a settlement agreement
at an estimated cost of $7.5 million.
| Saginaw River/Bay
| In 1998, a settlement involving General Motors (GM) Corp., Bay
City, and the city of Saginaw was reached that includes $28 million to
help restore and protect the Saginaw River and Saginaw Bay. GM
will spend $10.9 million on PCB contaminated river sediment
dredging. This 1-2 year dredging project is scheduled to begin in
1999, and will remove approximately 264,000 m3 of contaminated
sediment.
A Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) conducted from
1986-1997 concluded that there remains significant PCB
contamination in the Superfund site of the South Branch of the
Shiawassee River. The RI/FS proposes the following: excavation and
off-site disposal of soil, river sediment, and floodplain sediment of
PCBs > 10 mg/kg in the Cast Forge Plant Area and the South Branch
of the Shiawassee River; institutional controls; and limited access. In
all, about 35,600 m3 of sediment will be removed. Cleanup is
estimated to begin in about 2 years. The estimated cost for this
project is $13,558,000.
| Collingwood Harbour
| From 1992 to 1993, approximately 8,000 m3 of contaminated
sediment were removed from the shipyard slips and adjacent areas in
the harbour using the Pneuma airlift system. The total project cost,
which included partners from Environment Canada Great Lakes
Cleanup Fund and the Ministry of Environment and Energy, was an
estimated $650,000 (Canadian).
| Rouge River
| In 1997-1998, Wayne County removed PCB contaminated sediment
from an impoundment (Newburgh Lake) in the Upper Rouge River
and placed it in a secure landfill. Approximately 306,000 m3 of
contaminated sediment were removed. The total project cost was an
estimated $11 million and funded through U.S. EPA funds from the
Rouge River National Wet Weather Demonstration Project.
The PCB source area to Newburgh Lake (Evans Products Ditch Site)
was addressed by the MDEQ with support from U.S. EPA.
Completed in April 1997, approximately 7,300 m3 of PCB
contaminated stream sediment were removed and transported for
disposal at a landfill in Michigan and a hazardous waste disposal
facility in New York. The total project cost was approximately
$750,000.
In 1986, 30,000 m3 of zinc contaminated sediment was removed
from the Lower Branch of the Rouge River by mechanical dredging
and placed in cell #5 of the Corps of Engineers' Pointe Mouille
Confined Disposal Facility on southwestern Lake Erie. All dredging
and disposal activities were completed at an approximate cost of $1
million.
| River Raisin
| Starting in mid July and running through the end of September 1997,
Ford Motor Company in Monroe removed approximately 20,000 m3
of PCB contaminated sediment from a "hot-spot" adjacent to the
shipping channel. The PCB contaminated sediment has been disposed
of in a Toxic Substances Control Act cell that was built on the
property of the Ford Monroe Plant. Total cost was approximately $6
million.
| Maumee River
| Remediation of an unnamed tributary to the Ottawa River in Toledo,
Ohio was completed in June 1998. A total of 6,100 m3 of sediment,
containing 25,300 kg of PCBs, were dredged from the property. This
cleanup of PCB contaminated sediment was carried out under a
public-private partnership including the City of Toledo, Ohio EPA,
U.S. EPA, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and GenCorp, Inc. The
cost of the cleanup was estimated at $5 million. The project was
funded by a U.S. EPA grant of $500,000 to Ohio EPA, $140,000 from
an Ohio EPA settlement with the City of Toledo, and the remainder
from GenCorp.
In 1994, GenCorp remediated the Textileather plant site area.
Excavation and disposal of around 4,900 m3 of contaminated soil
occurred. Also as part of the remediation, the storm sewer was power
washed and 466,170 L of waste water were collected and treated.
Total cost was over $2 million.
|
Black River
| In 1990, the USS/KOBE Steel Company removed over 38,000 m3 of
PAH contaminated sediment from the Black River mainstem in the
areas of the former coke plant outfall. The total project cost, which
was funded entirely by USS/KOBE, was $1.5 million.
| Ashtabula River
| Plans for future cleanup of contaminated river sediment are now
underway. A draft Feasibility Report is scheduled for public release
in August 1999 and a Record of Decision in April 2000. Detailed
design work is anticipated to begin in Fiscal Year 2000. The
construction contract is scheduled to be awarded in April 2002 with
project completion by September 2005. The present cost of the
comprehensive project is $42,560,000, which includes an estimated
$860,000 for ecosystem restoration projects. The project consists of
dredging a total of 536,000 m3 of contaminated river sediment (of
which 115,000 m3 is classified as Toxic Substance Control Act
material - PCBs > 50 mg/kg). Dredged material will then be
transported to a transfer/dewatering facility and then truck hauled
three miles to an upland disposal facility, which will be
designed/constructed with two cells to take both non-TSCA and
TSCA classified sediment.
| Hamilton Harbour
| In 1995, a layer of uncontaminated material was used for in situ
capping to uniformly cover heavy metals, PCB, and PAH
contaminated sediment. The project was funded through the Great
Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund at a cost of $300,000 (Canadian). An
additional $350,000 (Canadian) was provided by the National Water
Research Institute to further monitor and evaluate the project.
From 1992 to 1994, there was in situ treatment of contaminated
sediment in one industrial boat slip near the headwall area. Oxygen,
iron oxide, and calcium nitrate were injected. This was a
demonstration treatment to find the depth of contamination. The total
project cost was estimated at $323,000 (Canadian).
| St. Clair River
| In 1996, Dow Chemical removed approximately 200 m3 of
pentachlorophenol contaminated sediment. The removal took place
about 1 km south of the Cole Drain, about 30 m offshore. The total
project cost was estimated at $350,000 (Canadian).
| Detroit River
| In 1999, a decision was made to remove a total of 23,000 m3 of
contaminated sediment from the Black Lagoon. A portion of the
contaminated sediment will be treated through the "Cement-Lock"
process and the remainder will be disposed. Total project cost is
approximately $4 million, with dredging costs estimated at $1 million
and treatment demonstration costs estimated at $3 million. The
project should take about 4 months to complete, and could possibly
begin as early as Spring 2000.
Removal of contaminated sediment in Monguagon Creek, a tributary
to the Detroit River, was completed in 1997. The project was funded
largely by Elf Atochem North America Inc., with an estimated cost of
$3 million. Approximately 19,300 m3 of contaminated sediment were
dredged from the creek.
In 1993, Wayne County removed approximately 3,100 m3 of
contaminated sediment near a marina by Elizabeth Park. The total
project cost was estimated at $1.33 million.
| Niagara River
| In 1996, approximately 21,800 m3 of contaminated sediment were
removed from the 102nd Street Embayment (New York). The entire
landfill remediation cost is approximately $30 million.
In 1995, approximately 10,000 m3 of contaminated sediment were
removed from the Welland River (Ontario) using an Amphibex
dredge. The total project cost was estimated at $2.6 million
(Canadian).
In 1995, approximately 11,500 m3 of contaminated sediment were
removed from Pettit Flume (New York). The approximate cost was
$23 million.
In 1992, approximately 6,100 m3 of contaminated sediment were
removed from Gill Creek (New York). The total project cost, which
was funded entirely by DuPont, was approximately $10 million.
In 1990, approximately 13,000 m3 of dioxin contaminated sediment
from Black and Bergholtz Creeks (New York) were removed. The
total project cost was approximately $14 million.
| St. Lawrence River
| The New York portion of the AOC involves three major industrial
sites. Ongoing remediation projects, as required by New York State
and U.S. EPA, address land-based and contaminated river sediment
remediation. Some land-based projects involve shoreline and on-site
wetland remediation. Projects at each industry include:
Reynolds Metals - The shoreline remediation requires contaminated
river sediment removal, with completion expected by the end of 2000.
Total volume removed will be approximately 59,370 m3. The
contaminated river sediment work is estimated to cost $62.4 million.
The land-based plant site remediation, which includes wetlands
remediation, is nearing completion at a cost of $53.7 million.
General Motors - During the summer of 1995, GM completed the
major portion of its St. Lawrence dredging with the removal of
approximately 11,500 m3 of PCB contaminated river sediment. The
river work to date has cost $10 million. The extent of required
treatment and disposal for the dredged materials is under review.
Further river sediment remediation in a cove adjacent to the St. Regis
Mohawk Tribe remains to be completed. Total project costs,
including land-based actions with groundwater recovery and
treatment, are estimated to cost $78 million.
ALCOA - The major "hot-spot" at the plant outfall in the Grasse
River was remediated in 1995 as part of a "non-time critical removal
action." This involved the removal of approximately 3,000 m3 of PCB
contaminated river sediment. The results of this project are under
review as is the feasibility of other remedial alternatives downstream
from the outfall in the Grasse River up to the St. Lawrence River
confluence. Major land-based inactive hazardous waste site
remediation at the ALCOA plant site continues with 10 of the 14
Record of Decision sites now completed. Overall remediation costs
are estimated to be in excess of $250 million.
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