Summary
These scenarios may be more palatable to policy and decision-makers as they appear to have a
greater Ňgrounding” in reality; they have been experienced in the past. However, the
magnitude and types of changes that may be expected as a result of climate change have not
been experienced during recorded history, making it difficult to find appropriate analogues.
A.3 Systematic Changes to Climate Parameters
In this technique, scenarios are developed by making systematic changes to observed climate
o
±
±
data, for example, 1 or 2 or 3 C temperature increase or 10 % or 20 % precipitation change
or other factors such as lake levels. These scenarios are developed with guidance from GCMs
(e.g. limits of temperature changes) or stakeholder-specified vulnerabilities. These scenarios
are often considered very simplistic representations of the complex response of the climate
system. However, they can provide a preliminary exploration of critical thresholds or
changes in a Ňsensitivity analysis”. If warranted, more detailed scenario development and
impact analysis can follow.
References
Barrow, E. 2002. Climate change in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence region: A comparison of climate change
scenarios. Report prepared for the IJC Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Study, 75 pp.
Carter, T.R., M.L. Parry, H. Harasawa, and S. Nishioka. 1994. IPCC technical guidelines for assessing climate
change impacts and adaptation, London, UK and Ibaraki, Japan: University College London and National
Institute for Environmental Studies, 60 pp.
CCIS (Canadian Climate Impacts Scenarios Project). 2002. The Climate Company. Available at:
http://www.cics.uvic.ca/index.cgi?/About_Us/Canadian_Institute_for_Climate_Studies
CCIS. (Canadian Climate Impacts Scenarios Project). 2002.
IPCC. (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2000. IPCC Special Report Emissions Scenarios.
Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/sres-e.pdf.
Kunkel, K. and S. Changnon. 1998. ŇTransposed climates for the study of water supply variability on the
Laurentian Great Lakes. Climatic Change 38: 387-404.
Legett, J., W.J. Pepper, and R.J. Swart. 1992. ŇEmissions scenarios for the IPCC.” J.T. Houghton, B.A.
Callander and S.K. Varney (eds). Climate Change 1992. The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific
Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lofgren, B. M., F.H. Quinn, A.H. Clites, R.A. Assel, A.J. Eberhardt, and C.L. Luukkonen. 2002. ŇEvaluation of
potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on two GCM climate scenarios.” Journal of
Great Lakes Research 28: 537-554.
Mortsch, L.D., H. Hengeveld, M. Lister, B. Lofgren, F. Quinn, M. Slivitzky, and L. Wenger. 2000. ŇClimate
change impacts on the hydrology of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence system.” Canadian Water Resources
Journal 25(2): 153-179.
Mortsch, L. and F. Quinn. 1996. ŇClimate change scenarios for Great Lakes Basin ecosystem studies.”
Limnology and Oceanography 41(5): 903-911.
132