Notes for Chapter 3

1. Initial efforts by the Commission to address its concerns for AIS led to the 1990 IJC-Great Lakes Fishery Commission joint report, Exotic Species and the Shipping Industry. More recently, the IJC commented on the continuing threat of AIS to the Great Lakes in its Tenth Biennial Report (IJC, 2000); and in a joint letter with the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (IJC-GLFC, 2001). Its Great Lakes Water Quality Board (2001) also issued a white paper on the subject.
2. For a general discussion see: Jewell, Susan. 2000. A United Defense Against Invasive Species. Endangered Species Bulletin vol. XXV No. 5. Available online at: http://endangered.fws.gov/esb/2000/09-10/08-10.pdf
3. Pimentel et al., 2000.
4. Although widely quoted, key original source appears to be Property Claims Service of the Insurance Services Office Inc. See: http://www.iso.com/docs/pres273.htm
5. Ruiz et al., 1997
6. Ricciardi, 2001
7. Ricciardi, 2001, Tamburri et al., 2002
8. Ricciardi, 2001
9. Tamburri et al., 2002; Johnston and Carlton, 1996
10. Berg et al., 2002; MacIssac et al., 2002
11. Gerrity, 2002
12. Karaminas et al., 2001
13. Aquatic Sciences, 1996. QUESTION: How to handle 2002 Alexandria Conference Reference are there proceedings?
14. U.S. 33 CFR part 151; Canadian TP 13617E Guidelines for the Control of Ballast Water Discharge from Ships in Waters under Canadian Jurisdiction
15. U.S. Government, 2002, Federal Register 67 FR 39: 8885-8888
16. Aquatic Sciences, 1996
17. Cangelosi et al., 2001
18. International Convention for Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments; www.imo.org
19. U.S. Government, 2002, Federal Register 67 FR 42:9632-9638
20. Council of Great Lakes Fishery Agencies, 2001; Nalbone 2001
21. The purpose of the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 is to prevent the unintentional introduction of nonindigenous aquatic species and prevent and controls aquatic nuisance species dispersal in the waters of the United States. NISA legislation prevents biological invasions of the nation's waters and controls the spread of species within the United States.